레이블이 Monticello Associates Cleveland인 게시물을 표시합니다. 모든 게시물 표시
레이블이 Monticello Associates Cleveland인 게시물을 표시합니다. 모든 게시물 표시

2013년 11월 24일 일요일

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Watching               the               Jefferson-Hemings               Scholars               Commission               would               remind               someone               of               an               attorney               who               defends               a               guilty-as-sin               client               by               tossing               everything               he               could               possibly               think               of               against               a               wall               in               the               hopes               that               something               would               stick               and               change               the               mind               of               a               single               juror.

The               members               of               the               Scholars               Commission               seem               much               like               the               late               historian               Dumas               Malone,               who               worked               for               43               years               on               a               six-volume               Jefferson               biography.

No               matter               how               much               evidence               was               presented               linking               Jefferson               to               Sally               and               her               children,               Malone               found               convenient               ways               to               dismiss               the               evidence.
               
               A               couple               members               of               the               Jefferson-Hemings               Scholars               Commission               recently               held               a               press               conference,               carried               on               C-SPAN3,               to               discuss               their               book               The               Jefferson-Hemings               Controversy:               Report               of               the               Scholars               Commission.

Made               up               of               genealogists,               historians,               lawyers               and               scientists,               the               Scholars               Commission               presented               theories               to               contradict               the               overwhelming               evidence               that               Thomas               Jefferson               fathered               children               with               his               slave,               Sally               Hemings.

The               commission               argued               that               the               original               DNA               report               indicated               only               that               a               Jefferson               male               had               fathered               one               of               Sally               Hemings'               children               and               that               the               available               DNA               could               not               specify               Thomas               Jefferson               as               the               father.
               When               something               can               be               proven               with               about               99               percent               certainty,               how               much               credence               should               be               given               to               the               other               one               percent?

There               are               many               things               that               when               put               together               make               a               compelling               case               that               Jefferson               had               a               long-running               affair               with               Sally               and               fathered               all               of               her               children.
               Sally               was               a               logical               choice.

Sally               Hemings               probably               reminded               Jefferson               of               his               late               wife.

Jefferson               promised               his               dying               wife               Martha               that               he               would               never               remarry.

Hemings               was               the               half-sister               of               his               wife,               with               the               two               having               the               same               father.

"Dusky"               Sally               was               described               by               Thomas               Jefferson               Randolph,               Jefferson's               grandson,               as               "light               colored               and               decidedly               good               looking,"               according               to               the               article               Not               Much               Is               Sure               About               Hemings,               the               Person,               published               in               USA               Today,               Friday,               May               14,               1999.

In               the               same               article,               Isaac               Jefferson,               a               Monicello               slave,               said,               "Sally               was               mighty               near               white…               very               handsome."               Jefferson               could               keep               his               pledge               not               to               remarry               that               he               made               to               his               wife               on               her               death               bed,               take               up               with               someone               who               probably               looked               and               behaved               in               a               similar               way               to               his               wife,               and               meet               his               primal               urges               and               needs.

Cohabitating               with               Sally               was               quite               a               bargain               for               him.
               Jefferson               was               present               nine               months               before               each               of               Sally's               children               was               born.

Jefferson,               who               not               only               traveled               often               but               also               far               and               wide,               was               found               by               his               own               Farm               Book               records               and               accounts               to               have               been               present               in               Monticello               nine               months               prior               to               each               of               Sally's               pregnancies,               except               for               her               first               one.

On               that               occasion               she               conceived               in               Paris               while               Jefferson               was               serving               as               a               minister               to               France               and               Sally               was               there               as               his               daughter's               servant.
               Eston               Hemings               was               the               spittin'               image               of               Jefferson.

It               was               through               a               descendant               of               Sally's               youngest               child               Eston               that               the               DNA               match               was               made               linking               him               through               the               Y               chromosome               to               the               descendant               of               Jefferson's               paternal               uncle               Field               Jefferson.

In               an               article               first               appearing               in               a               Chillicothe,               Ohio,               newspaper               where               Eston               had               once               lived,               Eston               is               described               as               having               had               a               "striking               resemblance               to               Jefferson."               The               writer               of               the               article,               while               visiting               Washington               D.C.

and               going               from               Pennsylvania               Avenue               to               the               White               House,               came               upon               a               bronze               statue               of               Jefferson               that               was               located               on               the               walk               leading               from               the               avenue               to               the               famed               mansion.

Immediately               he               thought               the               statue               looked               more               like               Eston               Hemings               than               anyone               else               he               had               ever               seen.

Upon               returning               to               Chillicothe,               he               relayed               the               incident               to               Eston.

"Well,"               answered               Eston,               "my               mother,               whose               name               I               bear,               belonged               to               Mr.

Jefferson…               And               she               was               never               married."
               The               notorious               Carr               nephews               were               ruled               out.

There               was               no               denying               that               Sally's               children               possessed               a               light               skin               color               and               a               startling               resemblance               to               Jefferson.

To               explain               this               dilemma,               Jefferson's               grandchildren,               Thomas               Jefferson               Randolph               and               Ellen               Randolph               Coolidge,               tried               to               assign               the               paternity               of               her               children               to               Jefferson's               philandering               nephews,               Peter               and               Samuel               Carr.

However,               the               DNA               research               spearheaded               by               pathologist               Dr.

Eugene               Foster               in               1998               showed               the               three               Carr               descendants               who               were               tested               had               no               Y-chromosome               haplotype               match               to               the               Eston               Hemings               descendant,               and               therefore               the               Carr               nephews               did               not               father               Eston.
               DNA               evidence               won               over               even               the               toughest               skeptics.

Joseph               Ellis,               the               history               professor               who               won               the               1997               National               Book               Award               for               American               Sphinx:               The               Character               of               Thomas               Jefferson,               admitted               in               a               U.S.

News               and               World               Report               (Nov.

1998)               commentary               that               he               was               "one               of               those               students               of               Jefferson               who               had               previously               questioned"               the               Jefferson-Hemings               affair.

In               addition,               Ellis               wrote,               "The               Eston               match               is               really               all               that               matters               because,               in               conjunction               with               the               circumstantial               evidence               that               already               existed,               it               proves               beyond               any               reasonable               doubt               that               Jefferson               had               a               long-term               sexual               relationship               with               his               mulatto               slave."
               Great               hypocrisy               from               the               Scholars               Commission.

The               commission               was               quick               to               rally               behind               the               DNA               evidence               that               contradicted               the               claims               of               the               Thomas               Woodson               descendants               concerning               Sally's               putative               first               son.

For               two               centuries               the               Woodson               family               had               passed               along               the               now               discredited               notion               that               Woodson               was               Jefferson's               first               son.

If               we               accept               that               the               DNA               rules               out               Woodson               as               a               Jefferson               son,               then               we               should               also               accept               that               there               is               a               conclusive               link               between               Jefferson               and               Eston               Hemings.

When               the               British               journal               Nature               presented               the               results               of               the               scientific               tests,               they               indicated               the               Jefferson-Hemings               findings               provided               "proof               positive               of               a               genetic               linkage"               and               "removed               any               shadow               of               a               doubt               that               Thomas               Jefferson               sired               at               least               one               son               of               Sally               Hemings."
               Madison               Hemings               was               spot               on.

In               the               late               UCLA               historian               Fawn               Brodie's               1974               book               Thomas               Jefferson,               An               Intimate               Biography,               she               reprinted               the               reminiscences               of               Madison               Hemings               that               first               appeared               in               the               Pike               County               Ohio               Republican               in               March               of               1873.

Madison,               Sally's               penultimate               child,               explains               the               intimate               relationship               between               Sally               Hemings               and               Thomas               Jefferson.

He               says               their               first               child               Tom               died               shortly               after               birth.

He               also               indicates               that               he               and               his               siblings               Beverly,               Harriet               and               Eston               are               the               children               of               Thomas               Jefferson.

The               DNA               tests               bore               out               all               of               Madison's               claims,               from               the               Eston               Hemings               link               to               the               Thomas               Woodson               non               match.

His               account               has               been               proven               to               be               plausible.
               Sally's               children               had               unique               access               to               freedom.

Jefferson               liberated               Sally's               children               when               they               became               a               certain               age,               supposedly               to               fulfill               a               promise               to               Sally               he               had               given               her               in               Paris.

In               France               Sally               was               legally               a               free               person.

To               entice               her               to               return               with               him               to               America,               Jefferson               reportedly               promised               to               free               all               of               her               future               children               when               they               turned               twenty-one.

Jefferson               gave               freedom               to               no               other               slave               family               and               no               other               Monticello               slaves               gained               their               freedom               before               the               age               of               thirty-one,               with               one               exception.
               Report               of               the               Research               Committee               on               other               possible               paternity.

The               Jefferson-Hemings               Scholars               Commission               has               speculated               that               some               other               Jefferson               who               shared               Thomas               Jefferson's               Y               chromosome               may               have               fathered               Sally's               children.

These               could               include               Jefferson's               brother               Randolph               and               his               five               sons               as               well               as               two               grandsons               of               Field               Jefferson,               Thomas               Jefferson's               paternal               uncle.

In               February               2000,               the               monticello.org               website,               known               as               "the               home               of               Thomas               Jefferson,"               released               the               Report               of               the               Research               Committee               on               Thomas               Jefferson               and               Sally               Hemings.

This               research               was               conducted               through               the               Thomas               Jefferson               Memorial               Foundation.

The               report               concluded               that               "convincing               evidence               does               not               exist               for               the               hypothesis               that               another               male               Jefferson               was               the               father               of               Sally               Hemings'               children.

In               almost               two               hundred               years               since               the               issue               first               became               public,               no               other               Jefferson               has               ever               been               referred               to               as               the               father."               The               report               goes               on               to               say               there               was               never               any               suggestion               that               Sally's               children               had               more               than               one               father.
               Report               of               the               Research               Committee               conclusions.

Appointed               by               the               then-president               of               the               Thomas               Jefferson               Memorial               Foundation,               the               research               committee               was               charged               with               evaluating               the               DNA               study               of               Dr.

Eugene               Foster               and               his               associates.

The               committee               reached               the               following               conclusion:               "Dr.

Foster's               DNA               study               was               conducted               in               a               manner               that               meets               the               standards               of               the               scientific               community,               and               its               scientific               results               are               valid.

The               DNA               study,               combined               with               multiple               strands               of               currently               available               documentary               and               statistical               evidence,               indicates               a               high               probability               that               Thomas               Jefferson               fathered               Eston               Hemings,               and               that               he               most               likely               was               the               father               of               all               six               of               Sally               Hemings               children,"               two               of               whom               died               in               infancy.
               Sources:
               U.S.

News               and               World               Report,               Jefferson               and               Sally,               pages               58-69,               Nov.

9,               1998               issue
               Thomas               Jefferson,               An               Intimate               History,               Fawn               M.

Brodie,               Bantam               Books,               1974
               Report               of               the               Research               Committee               on               Thomas               Jefferson               and               Sally               Hemings,               Thomas               Jefferson               Memorial               Foundation,               January               2000
               C-SPAN3,               Sunday               Oct               16,               2011
               Nature,               396,               27-28               (1998)               Macmillan               Publishers               Ltd.
               Not               Much               is               Sure               About               Hemings,               the               Person,               USA               Today,               Friday,               May               14,               1999






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      ...a 'theatrical show' in which the man from Monticello had 'run away with all the stage...very publicly - many of his closest associates thought differently. Charles Lee, who...
    2. nathaliemasonfleury.blogspot.com/   11/19/2009
      ...Like most Americans, I associated Monticello with Thomas Jefferson. Although I hadn... came with her to Monticello. One of these half-...
    3. uvagreendining.blogspot.com/   04/27/2012
      ...Italy, for example) and his meticulous notes about gardening at Monticello. Natasha Sienitsky, Associate Director of Planning and Facilities at the Thomas Jefferson Foundation...
    4. anthropologynow.wordpress.com/   02/01/2013
      ...consider him to be America’s first scientific archaeologist . http://www.monticello.org Most people associate archaeology with prehistory. This makes perfect sense because the vast majority...
    5. flip.typepad.com/buzz/   04/28/2011
      ...that operates Monticello receives more... to Thomas Jefferson. [ Associated Press ] The Gates... in 2010. [ Associated Press ] The Philadelphia Orchestra...
    6. flip.typepad.com/buzz/   04/28/2011
      ...foundation that operates Monticello receives more than 200... to Thomas Jefferson. [ Associated Press ] The Gates Foundation...
    7. oldtimeparty.wordpress.com/   05/04/2012
      ...on the side of the road.” LIME STREET BLUES (named for the street in Monticello where W.L. lives) features a slide, knife-style banjo. The banjo ...
    8. votebrandoncollins.wordpress.com/   09/20/2011
      ...range of county developers and the Monticello Business Alliance than they are the regular...plan our water supply, and the costs associated with it directly affect how much money we can...
    9. koocbor.blogspot.com/   07/04/2011
      ... born in the U.S.A. I typically associate overt displays of patriotism with suspicion...Cyrus enjoyed the free flags. Monticello Reflected We stuck around...
    10. randomaxis.blogspot.com/   06/22/2011
      .... Most of this seems associated with the transition of California from Mexican...full of productive farms. The town of Monticello was established shortly thereafter...



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